What is the difference between synchronization and locks in Java?

What is the difference between synchronization and locks in Java?

Synchronization in Java is a mechanism that ensures that only one thread can access a resource at a time. Locks, on the other hand, are more flexible and can be used to control access to a resource without the limitations of synchronized methods or blocks.

Can you explain how synchronization works in Java?

Sure! In Java, synchronization can be achieved using the synchronized keyword, which can be applied to methods or blocks of code. When a thread enters a synchronized method, it acquires the lock for that method's object, preventing other threads from entering any synchronized methods on the same object.

What are the advantages of using locks over synchronization?

Locks provide more control over thread access compared to synchronization. They allow for features like try-lock, which lets a thread attempt to acquire a lock without blocking indefinitely, and can also support multiple conditions, making them more versatile for complex scenarios.

Are there any downsides to using locks?

Yes, while locks offer flexibility, they can lead to issues like deadlocks if not managed properly. Additionally, they require more careful handling of thread states and can introduce complexity in code.