What is template metaprogramming and how is it used in different programming languages?

What is template metaprogramming and how is it used in different programming languages?

Template metaprogramming is a programming technique that uses templates to generate code at compile time. It's commonly used in languages like C++ and Rust to create highly efficient and reusable code.

Can you give me an example of template metaprogramming in C++?

Sure! In C++, you can use templates to create a function that works with any data type. For example:

template <typename T>
T add(T a, T b) {
    return a + b;
}

This function can add integers, floats, or any other type that supports the + operator.

How does template metaprogramming differ in languages like Python or Java?

In Python, template metaprogramming is often achieved through decorators and metaclasses, allowing for dynamic behavior at runtime. In Java, generics provide a way to achieve similar functionality, but with more restrictions compared to C++ templates.

What are the advantages of using template metaprogramming?

The main advantages include code reusability, type safety, and performance optimization, as code is generated at compile time, reducing runtime overhead.