What is template specialization in modern C++?

What is template specialization in modern C++?

Template specialization allows you to define a specific implementation of a template for a particular type. This is useful when the general template does not fit all types.

Can you give me an example of template specialization?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

template <typename T>
class Calculator {
public:
    T add(T a, T b) { return a + b; }
};

// Specialization for 'const char*'
template <>
class Calculator<const char*> {
public:
    const char* add(const char* a, const char* b) {
        return strcat(strdup(a), b);
    }
};

In this example, we have a general Calculator template and a specialized version for const char*.

What are the benefits of using template specialization?

The benefits include improved performance for specific types, the ability to handle type-specific logic, and cleaner code by avoiding type checks within the general template.

Are there any downsides to using template specialization?

Yes, some downsides include increased code complexity, potential code bloat due to multiple specializations, and reduced readability if overused.