What is the time complexity of hash maps?

What is the time complexity of hash maps?

The average time complexity for search, insert, and delete operations in hash maps is O(1). However, in the worst case, it can be O(n) if many keys hash to the same index.

Why does the worst case happen?

The worst case occurs due to hash collisions, where multiple keys hash to the same index, leading to a linked list or similar structure.

How can we minimize collisions in hash maps?

We can minimize collisions by using a good hash function that distributes keys uniformly across the hash table.

What are some common hash functions?

Common hash functions include division method, multiplication method, and cryptographic hash functions like SHA-256.