What are some effective tree balancing techniques?

What are some effective tree balancing techniques?

Tree balancing techniques are methods used to maintain the efficiency of tree data structures. Common techniques include AVL trees, Red-Black trees, and Splay trees.

Can you explain how AVL trees work?

AVL trees are self-balancing binary search trees where the difference in heights between the left and right subtrees is at most one. This ensures O(log n) time complexity for insertions, deletions, and lookups.

What about Red-Black trees? How do they differ from AVL trees?

Red-Black trees are also self-balancing binary search trees, but they allow for a bit more flexibility in balancing, which can lead to faster insertions and deletions compared to AVL trees, at the cost of slightly slower lookups.

Are there any other techniques I should know about?

Yes, Splay trees are another technique. They perform a self-adjusting operation that moves frequently accessed elements closer to the root, optimizing access times for repeated queries.