What are the ethical theories behind the trolley problem?

What are the ethical theories behind the trolley problem?

The trolley problem is a thought experiment in ethics that explores moral dilemmas. It typically involves a scenario where a trolley is headed towards five people tied to a track, and you can pull a lever to divert it to another track where only one person is tied. This raises questions about utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics.

Can you explain utilitarianism in this context?

Utilitarianism suggests that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness. In the trolley problem, a utilitarian would argue that pulling the lever to kill one person instead of five is the morally right choice because it results in a greater net benefit.

What about deontological ethics?

Deontological ethics, particularly Kantian ethics, focuses on the morality of actions themselves rather than their consequences. A deontologist might argue that pulling the lever is wrong because it involves actively causing harm to an individual, regardless of the outcome.

Are there any other ethical theories that apply?

Yes, virtue ethics could also be applied here. It emphasizes the character of the moral agent rather than rules or consequences. A virtue ethicist might consider what a virtuous person would do in this situation, focusing on traits like compassion and courage.