What are class variables in programming?

What are class variables in programming?

Class variables are shared among all instances of a class. They are defined within the class but outside any methods.

Can you give me an example of how to use class variables?

Sure! In Python, you can define a class variable like this:

class Dog:
    species = "Canis familiaris"  # Class variable

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name  # Instance variable

Here, species is a class variable.

How do class variables differ from instance variables?

Class variables are shared across all instances, while instance variables are unique to each instance. Changing a class variable affects all instances, but changing an instance variable only affects that specific instance.

Are there any best practices for using class variables?

Yes, it's best to use class variables for constants or shared data. Avoid using them for mutable data types to prevent unintended side effects.