What are semaphores in C++ and how do they work?

What are semaphores in C++ and how do they work?

Semaphores are synchronization primitives used to control access to a common resource in concurrent programming. They help manage the number of threads that can access a resource simultaneously.

Can you explain the difference between binary and counting semaphores?

Sure! A binary semaphore can take only two values (0 and 1) and is used for mutual exclusion. A counting semaphore, on the other hand, can take a range of values and is used to control access to a resource pool.

How do I implement a semaphore in C++?

You can implement a semaphore in C++ using the <semaphore> header in C++20. Here's a simple example: std::counting_semaphore sem(1); to create a counting semaphore with an initial count of 1.

What are some common use cases for semaphores?

Common use cases include managing access to a limited number of resources, such as database connections, and ensuring that certain tasks are completed before others start.