What is the sync package in Go and how do I use it?

What is the sync package in Go and how do I use it?

The sync package in Go provides basic synchronization primitives such as Mutexes and WaitGroups to manage concurrent access.

Can you explain how to use a Mutex with an example?

Sure! A Mutex is used to protect shared data. Here's a simple example:

var mu sync.Mutex
var counter int

func increment() {
    mu.Lock()
    counter++
    mu.Unlock()
}

What is a WaitGroup and when should I use it?

A WaitGroup is used to wait for a collection of goroutines to finish executing. You can add to the WaitGroup before starting goroutines and call Done when they finish.

Can you show me a code example using WaitGroup?

Absolutely! Here's an example:

var wg sync.WaitGroup

for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
    wg.Add(1)
    go func(i int) {
        defer wg.Done()
        fmt.Println(i)
    }(i)
}

wg.Wait()