What are unique pointers in C++ and how do they work?

What are unique pointers in C++ and how do they work?

Unique pointers are smart pointers that ensure a single ownership of a dynamically allocated object. They automatically manage memory.

Can you show me an example of how to use a unique pointer?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

int main() {
    std::unique_ptr<int> ptr = std::make_unique<int>(10);
    std::cout << *ptr << std::endl; // Outputs: 10
    return 0;
}

This creates a unique pointer to an integer.

What happens if I try to copy a unique pointer?

You cannot copy a unique pointer because it would violate the ownership principle. If you try, you'll get a compilation error.

How can I transfer ownership of a unique pointer?

You can transfer ownership using the std::move function. For example:

std::unique_ptr<int> ptr2 = std::move(ptr1);

This transfers ownership from ptr1 to ptr2.