What are some examples of valence electrons?
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are crucial for chemical bonding. For example, in sodium (Na), there is 1 valence electron, while in oxygen (O), there are 6 valence electrons.
Can you explain how valence electrons affect bonding?
Certainly! Valence electrons determine how atoms bond with each other. Atoms tend to bond in ways that allow them to achieve a full outer shell, often by sharing or transferring valence electrons.
What about the valence electrons in carbon?
Carbon has 4 valence electrons. This allows it to form four covalent bonds with other atoms, making it a key element in organic chemistry.
Are there any exceptions to the octet rule?
Yes, there are exceptions! Elements like hydrogen and helium are stable with just 2 valence electrons, and some larger atoms can have expanded octets.
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