What is variance in generics?
An example of an AI chatbot conversation about variance in generics in programming.
Can you explain what variance in generics means?
Variance in generics refers to how subtyping between more complex types relates to subtyping between their component types.
What are the different types of variance?
The main types of variance are covariance, contravariance, and invariance. Each defines how type relationships are handled.
Can you give an example of covariance?
Sure! In covariance, if class B is a subtype of class A, then List<B> is a subtype of List<A>.
What about contravariance?
In contravariance, if class B is a subtype of class A, then Action<A> is a subtype of Action<B>.
How does this apply in programming languages like Java or C#?
In Java, you use wildcards like ? extends T for covariance and ? super T for contravariance. C# uses the 'out' and 'in' keywords.
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