What is the difference between decorators and wrappers?

Can you explain the difference between decorators and wrappers in Python?

Sure! In Python, a decorator is a function that modifies the behavior of another function. A wrapper, on the other hand, is a specific implementation of a decorator that usually adds some functionality before or after the original function.

Can you give me an example of a decorator?

Absolutely! Here's a simple example:

def my_decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print('Something is happening before the function is called.')
        func()
        print('Something is happening after the function is called.')
    return wrapper

@my_decorator
def say_hello():
    print('Hello!')

say_hello()

What about wrappers? How do they differ in implementation?

Wrappers are the inner functions defined within decorators. They encapsulate the original function and can add pre- or post-processing. In the example above, wrapper is the wrapper function that adds behavior around say_hello.

So, can I use a wrapper without a decorator?

Yes, you can use a wrapper function independently, but it won't have the decorator syntax. You would just call the wrapper function directly.