When should I use virtual functions in C++?

When should I use virtual functions in C++?

You should use virtual functions in C++ when you want to achieve polymorphism, allowing derived classes to override base class methods.

Can you give me an example of polymorphism with virtual functions?

Sure! If you have a base class Shape with a virtual function draw(), derived classes like Circle and Square can implement their own versions of draw(). This allows you to call draw() on a Shape pointer that points to either a Circle or Square, and the correct method will be executed.

What are the performance implications of using virtual functions?

Using virtual functions can introduce a slight overhead due to dynamic dispatch, but the benefits of flexibility and maintainability often outweigh this cost.

Are there any alternatives to virtual functions?

Yes, alternatives include using templates for static polymorphism or function pointers, but they come with their own trade-offs.