How do I balance a binary search tree?

What is a balanced binary search tree?

A balanced binary search tree is a tree where the height of the left and right subtrees of any node differ by at most one.

Why is balancing important in a binary search tree?

Balancing is important because it ensures that the tree remains efficient for operations like search, insert, and delete, keeping them close to O(log n) time complexity.

What are some common methods to balance a BST?

Common methods include AVL trees, Red-Black trees, and Splay trees, each using different techniques to maintain balance.

Can you explain how an AVL tree works?

An AVL tree maintains balance by performing rotations during insertions and deletions to ensure the height difference between subtrees is at most one.