What are the best practices for composition in Python?

What are the best practices for composition in Python?

Composition in Python involves using classes to build complex types by combining simpler ones. Best practices include using clear interfaces, keeping classes focused on a single responsibility, and favoring composition over inheritance.

Can you give an example of composition in Python?

Sure! For instance, if you have a Car class and an Engine class, you can compose them like this:

class Engine:
    def start(self):
        print('Engine starting...')

class Car:
    def __init__(self, engine):
        self.engine = engine

    def start(self):
        self.engine.start()

my_engine = Engine()
my_car = Car(my_engine)
my_car.start()

What are the advantages of using composition over inheritance?

Composition offers greater flexibility and reusability. It allows you to change behavior at runtime and avoids the complexities of deep inheritance hierarchies.

Are there any common pitfalls to avoid with composition?

Yes, some pitfalls include creating overly complex relationships between classes, which can lead to confusion, and not properly managing the lifecycle of composed objects.