C++: Heap vs Tree

What are the main differences between a heap and a tree in C++?

A heap is a specialized tree-based data structure that satisfies the heap property, while a tree is a more general structure. Heaps are typically used for priority queues, whereas trees can represent hierarchical data.

Can you explain the heap property in more detail?

Sure! The heap property states that in a max heap, for any given node, the value of the node is greater than or equal to the values of its children. In a min heap, the value is less than or equal to its children.

When would I choose to use a heap over a tree?

You would choose a heap when you need efficient access to the largest or smallest element, such as in priority queues. Trees are better for hierarchical data and when you need to maintain sorted order.

Are there any performance differences between heaps and trees?

Yes, heaps generally provide O(log n) time complexity for insertions and deletions, while binary search trees can offer O(log n) for balanced trees but O(n) for unbalanced ones.