How can I use the C++ thread library for synchronization?

How can I use the C++ thread library for synchronization?

You can use mutexes and condition variables from the C++ thread library to synchronize threads. Would you like an example?

Yes, please provide an example of using a mutex.

Sure! Here's a simple example:

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>

std::mutex mtx;

void printNumbers(int id) {
    mtx.lock();
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
        std::cout << "Thread " << id << ": " << i << std::endl;
    }
    mtx.unlock();
}

int main() {
    std::thread t1(printNumbers, 1);
    std::thread t2(printNumbers, 2);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    return 0;
}

This code uses a mutex to ensure that only one thread prints at a time.

What happens if I forget to unlock the mutex?

If you forget to unlock the mutex, it can lead to a deadlock situation where other threads are unable to acquire the lock and will be stuck waiting indefinitely.