What are C++11 iterators and how do they work?

What are C++11 iterators and how do they work?

C++11 iterators are objects that allow you to traverse through the elements of a container, like arrays or vectors. They provide a way to access elements without exposing the underlying structure.

Can you explain the different types of iterators in C++11?

Sure! C++11 introduces several types of iterators: input iterators, output iterators, forward iterators, bidirectional iterators, and random access iterators. Each type has different capabilities and use cases.

What is the difference between a random access iterator and a bidirectional iterator?

A random access iterator allows you to access elements in any order and supports arithmetic operations, while a bidirectional iterator only allows traversal in both directions but not random access.

Can you give me an example of using iterators with a vector?

Certainly! Here's a simple example:

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    for (auto it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it) {
        std::cout << *it << ' ';
    }
}

This code uses a vector iterator to print each element.