What are the performance implications of using smart pointers in C++11?

What are the performance implications of using smart pointers in C++11?

Smart pointers in C++11, like std::shared_ptr and std::unique_ptr, manage memory automatically, reducing leaks. However, they can introduce overhead due to reference counting in shared_ptr.

How does std::unique_ptr compare to raw pointers in terms of performance?

std::unique_ptr has minimal overhead compared to raw pointers since it doesn't require reference counting. It provides better safety without significant performance loss.

Are there scenarios where using smart pointers might degrade performance?

Yes, using std::shared_ptr in performance-critical sections can degrade performance due to the overhead of reference counting, especially in multithreaded environments.

What are some best practices for using smart pointers in C++?

Use std::unique_ptr when ownership is clear and std::shared_ptr when shared ownership is necessary. Avoid using raw pointers unless absolutely needed.