C++: Priority Queue vs Heap

What is the difference between a priority queue and a heap in C++?

A priority queue is an abstract data type that allows for efficient retrieval of the highest (or lowest) priority element, while a heap is a specific implementation of a priority queue, typically using a binary tree structure.

Can you explain how a heap is structured?

Sure! A heap is a complete binary tree where each node follows the heap property: in a max-heap, the parent node is greater than or equal to its children, and in a min-heap, the parent node is less than or equal to its children.

How do I implement a priority queue using a heap in C++?

You can use the STL's priority_queue class, which is implemented using a heap. You can push elements into it and it will maintain the heap property automatically.

What are the time complexities for operations in a priority queue?

The time complexities for a priority queue implemented with a heap are O(log n) for insertion and deletion, and O(1) for accessing the top element.