What are the differences between unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr in C++?

What are the differences between unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr in C++?

In C++, unique_ptr is a smart pointer that owns a dynamically allocated object exclusively. shared_ptr allows multiple pointers to share ownership of an object, while weak_ptr is used to break circular references by providing a non-owning reference to an object managed by shared_ptr.

When should I use unique_ptr over shared_ptr?

You should use unique_ptr when you want sole ownership of an object and don't need to share it. It's more efficient as it doesn't involve reference counting.

Can you explain how weak_ptr works in relation to shared_ptr?

Sure! weak_ptr is used to prevent memory leaks in situations where shared_ptrs reference each other. It allows you to observe an object managed by shared_ptr without increasing its reference count.

Are there any performance implications when using shared_ptr?

Yes, shared_ptr has overhead due to reference counting, which can lead to performance issues in high-frequency allocations. Use it judiciously.