What are the differences between unique_ptr and shared_ptr in C++?

What are the differences between unique_ptr and shared_ptr in C++?

unique_ptr is a smart pointer that owns a dynamically allocated object exclusively, while shared_ptr allows multiple pointers to share ownership of an object.

Can you explain how memory management works with these pointers?

Sure! unique_ptr automatically deletes the object when it goes out of scope, preventing memory leaks. shared_ptr uses reference counting to manage the object's lifetime, deleting it when the last shared_ptr pointing to it is destroyed.

When should I use unique_ptr over shared_ptr?

Use unique_ptr when you want sole ownership of an object and don't need to share it. It's more efficient and has less overhead than shared_ptr.

Are there any performance implications of using shared_ptr?

Yes, shared_ptr has overhead due to reference counting, which can impact performance, especially in high-frequency allocations. unique_ptr is generally faster.

Can I convert a unique_ptr to a shared_ptr?

Yes, you can transfer ownership from a unique_ptr to a shared_ptr using std::move, but it will lose its unique ownership.