What are some common use cases for decorators in Python?

What are some common use cases for decorators in Python?

Decorators in Python are often used for logging, access control, memoization, and modifying function behavior.

Can you give me an example of a logging decorator?

Sure! Here's a simple logging decorator:

def log_function_call(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print(f'Calling {func.__name__} with arguments {args} and {kwargs}')
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

How about a decorator for access control?

An access control decorator can check user permissions before allowing function execution. Here's an example:

def requires_permission(permission):
    def decorator(func):
        def wrapper(user, *args, **kwargs):
            if user.has_permission(permission):
                return func(user, *args, **kwargs)
            else:
                raise PermissionError('Access denied')
        return wrapper
    return decorator

What about using decorators for caching?

For caching, you can use a memoization decorator. Here's a simple example:

from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def expensive_function(x):
    # Simulate a costly computation
    return x * x