What are C++ exceptions and how do std::exception classes work?

Can you explain what exceptions are in C++?

In C++, exceptions are a way to handle errors or unexpected events that occur during program execution. They allow you to separate error handling code from regular code.

What is the std::exception class?

The std::exception class is the base class for all standard exceptions in C++. It provides a virtual function called what() that returns a description of the exception.

How do I throw and catch exceptions in C++?

You can throw an exception using the throw keyword followed by an instance of an exception class. To catch it, use a try-catch block.

Can you give me an example of using std::runtime_error?

Sure! You can throw a std::runtime_error like this: throw std::runtime_error("An error occurred"); and catch it with `catch (const std::runtime_error& e) { /* handle error */ }.