What are the differences between exceptions and error codes in C++?

What are the differences between exceptions and error codes in C++?

In C++, exceptions are used for handling errors in a more structured way, while error codes are simpler but can lead to more complex error handling.

Can you give me examples of when to use exceptions over error codes?

Sure! Use exceptions for critical errors that disrupt the normal flow, like memory allocation failures. Use error codes for recoverable errors, like file not found.

What are the advantages of using exceptions?

Exceptions provide clearer error handling, separate error logic from regular code, and can propagate errors up the call stack automatically.

Are there any downsides to using exceptions?

Yes, exceptions can introduce overhead and may complicate control flow. They also require careful management to avoid resource leaks.