What are standard exceptions in C++ and Java?

Can you explain the standard exceptions in C++ and how they compare to Java?

Sure! In C++, standard exceptions are part of the STL and include classes like std::exception, std::runtime_error, and std::out_of_range. In Java, the standard exceptions are part of the java.lang package, including Exception, RuntimeException, and IndexOutOfBoundsException. Both languages use exceptions for error handling, but their implementations and hierarchy differ.

What are some common scenarios where these exceptions might be thrown?

In C++, std::out_of_range might be thrown when accessing an element outside the bounds of a vector. In Java, IndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown in similar situations, like accessing an invalid index in an ArrayList.

How do you catch these exceptions in both languages?

In C++, you use a try-catch block like this:

try {
    // code that may throw
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
    // handle exception
}

In Java, it looks like this:

try {
    // code that may throw
} catch (Exception e) {
    // handle exception
}