How can I implement custom exceptions in C++ and Java?

How can I implement custom exceptions in C++ and Java?

In C++, you can create a custom exception by inheriting from the std::exception class. In Java, you can extend the Exception class.

Can you show me a simple example in both languages?

Sure! In C++, you might have:

class MyException : public std::exception {
public:
    const char* what() const noexcept override {
        return "My custom exception occurred!";
    }
};

And in Java:

class MyException extends Exception {
    public MyException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

How do I throw and catch these exceptions?

In C++, you can throw it using throw MyException(); and catch it with a try-catch block. In Java, use throw new MyException("Error message"); and catch it similarly.

What are some best practices for using custom exceptions?

Best practices include using meaningful names, providing clear messages, and ensuring that exceptions are used for exceptional conditions only.