What are the differences between C++ macros and functions?

What are the differences between C++ macros and functions?

C++ macros are preprocessor directives that perform text substitution, while functions are blocks of code that execute when called.

Can you explain the advantages of using functions over macros?

Functions provide type safety, better debugging, and scope management, whereas macros can lead to code bloat and harder-to-read code.

Are there any scenarios where macros are preferred?

Yes, macros can be useful for conditional compilation and defining constants, especially in cases where performance is critical.

How do I define a macro in C++?

You can define a macro using the #define directive, like this: #define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)).