What are the main differences between utilitarianism and deontology?

What are the main differences between utilitarianism and deontology?

Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of actions, aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number. Deontology, on the other hand, emphasizes duties and rules, asserting that some actions are morally obligatory regardless of their outcomes.

Can you give me examples of each theory in practice?

Sure! An example of utilitarianism in practice is a government deciding to allocate resources to maximize overall happiness, like funding public health initiatives. A deontological example would be a doctor refusing to lie to a patient about their prognosis, even if it might cause temporary distress.

Which theory is considered more ethical?

It depends on the context and individual beliefs. Some argue that utilitarianism is more practical in achieving overall happiness, while others believe deontology provides a stronger moral framework by upholding individual rights.

Are there any criticisms of these theories?

Yes, utilitarianism is often criticized for justifying harmful actions if they lead to a greater good, while deontology can be seen as rigid and impractical in complex situations.