What are some examples of abstraction in programming?

What are some examples of abstraction in programming?

Abstraction in programming is the concept of hiding complex implementation details and showing only the essential features. For example, in object-oriented programming, a class can represent a real-world entity, allowing you to interact with it without needing to understand its internal workings.

Can you give me a specific code example?

Sure! Here's a simple example in Python:

class Car:
    def __init__(self, make, model):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model

    def drive(self):
        print(f'Driving a {self.make} {self.model}')

In this example, the Car class abstracts the details of how a car is driven, allowing users to interact with it through the drive method.

What about abstraction in functional programming?

In functional programming, abstraction can be achieved through higher-order functions. For instance, a function that takes another function as an argument or returns a function can abstract away the details of the operation being performed.

Can you show me an example of that?

Certainly! Here's a JavaScript example:

const applyOperation = (operation, value) => {
    return operation(value);
};

const double = (x) => x * 2;

console.log(applyOperation(double, 5)); // Outputs: 10

In this case, applyOperation abstracts the operation being performed, allowing you to pass in different functions like double.