What are some examples of using functools in Python?

Can you give me some examples of how to use functools in Python?

Sure! The functools module provides higher-order functions that act on or return other functions. For example, functools.reduce can be used to apply a function cumulatively to the items of an iterable.

Can you show me a code example using functools.reduce?

Absolutely! Here's a simple example:

from functools import reduce

# A function to multiply two numbers
def multiply(x, y):
    return x * y

# Using reduce to multiply all elements in a list
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
result = reduce(multiply, numbers)
print(result)  # Output: 24

What about using functools.lru_cache?

functools.lru_cache is used to cache the results of expensive function calls. Here's an example:

from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def fibonacci(n):
    if n < 2:
        return n
    return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)

print(fibonacci(10))  # Output: 55