How does encapsulation work in Java?

Can you explain what encapsulation means in Java?

Sure! Encapsulation is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that restricts direct access to some of an object's components. In Java, it is achieved using access modifiers.

What are access modifiers in Java?

Access modifiers in Java are keywords that set the accessibility of classes, methods, and variables. The main ones are public, private, protected, and default.

How does encapsulation improve code security?

Encapsulation improves code security by hiding the internal state of an object and requiring all interaction to be performed through an object's methods, which can enforce rules and validation.

Can you give me an example of encapsulation in Java?

Certainly! Here's a simple example:

class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        if (age > 0) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    }
}

In this example, the name and age fields are private, and can only be accessed through public methods.