What is modular arithmetic and how is it used in programming?

What is modular arithmetic and how is it used in programming?

Modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers wrap around after reaching a certain value, called the modulus. It's widely used in programming for tasks like hashing, cryptography, and managing cyclic data.

Can you give me an example of how it's used in a programming language?

Sure! In Python, you can use the modulus operator % to find the remainder of a division. For example, 5 % 3 equals 2, because 5 divided by 3 leaves a remainder of 2.

What are some practical applications of modular arithmetic?

Some practical applications include creating hash functions, implementing cyclic data structures like circular buffers, and in algorithms for cryptography, such as RSA.

How does modular arithmetic help in cryptography?

In cryptography, modular arithmetic is used to perform operations on large numbers while keeping them manageable. It helps in creating secure keys and encrypting data efficiently.