What is the difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission?

What is the difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission?

Nuclear fusion is the process of combining two light atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy. In contrast, nuclear fission involves splitting a heavy atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei, also releasing energy. Both processes are used in nuclear power generation.

Which one is more efficient for energy production?

Nuclear fusion is generally considered more efficient and produces more energy per reaction than fission. However, fusion is still in experimental stages for practical energy production, while fission is widely used in nuclear power plants.

What are the safety concerns associated with each?

Fission poses risks like radioactive waste and potential meltdowns, while fusion has fewer safety concerns since it doesn't produce long-lived radioactive waste and is less likely to lead to catastrophic failures.

Can you explain how each process works in simple terms?

Sure! In fission, think of a heavy atom like uranium being hit by a neutron, causing it to split apart. In fusion, imagine two hydrogen atoms coming together under extreme pressure and temperature to form helium, releasing energy in the process.