What are the differences between functions and closures in Python?

What are the differences between functions and closures in Python?

In Python, a function is a block of reusable code that performs a specific task. A closure, on the other hand, is a function that remembers its enclosing lexical scope even when the function is executed outside that scope.

Can you give me an example of a closure?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

def outer_function(msg):
    def inner_function():
        print(msg)
    return inner_function

closure = outer_function('Hello, World!')
closure()  # This will print 'Hello, World!'

How do closures help in data hiding?

Closures can encapsulate data by keeping it private within the outer function. This way, the inner function can access the data without exposing it to the outside world.

Are there any performance implications of using closures?

Yes, closures can have a slight performance overhead due to the additional scope management. However, they are very useful for maintaining state and encapsulating behavior.