What are metaclasses in Python?

What are metaclasses in Python?

Metaclasses are classes of classes that define how a class behaves. They allow you to customize class creation.

Can you give me an example of how to use a metaclass?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

class Meta(type):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
        attrs['greet'] = lambda self: 'Hello!'
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)

class MyClass(metaclass=Meta):
    pass

obj = MyClass()
print(obj.greet())  # Output: Hello!

What are the benefits of using metaclasses?

Metaclasses can enforce rules, modify class attributes, and provide a way to implement design patterns like Singleton.

Are there any downsides to using metaclasses?

Yes, metaclasses can make code harder to understand and debug. They should be used judiciously.