What are the main principles of OOP in Python?

What are the main principles of OOP in Python?

The main principles of OOP in Python are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

Can you explain encapsulation with an example?

Sure! Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit, like a class. For example:

class Car:
    def __init__(self, make, model):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.__speed = 0  # private attribute

    def accelerate(self, amount):
        self.__speed += amount

    def get_speed(self):
        return self.__speed

What about inheritance? How does it work?

Inheritance allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class. For example:

class Vehicle:
    def start(self):
        print('Vehicle started')

class Car(Vehicle):
    def honk(self):
        print('Honk!')

Can you give me a brief overview of polymorphism?

Polymorphism allows methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon. For instance, if you have a method make_sound() in both Dog and Cat classes, calling it on either object will produce different results.