What are static classes and how do they differ across programming languages?

What are static classes and how do they differ across programming languages?

Static classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and typically contain static members. They differ in implementation across languages.

Can you give me an example of a static class in C#?

Sure! In C#, a static class is defined using the 'static' keyword. For example:

public static class MathUtilities {
    public static int Add(int a, int b) {
        return a + b;
    }
}

How about in Java? Are there static classes?

Java does not have static classes per se, but you can create static nested classes. They can be defined within another class and can access the outer class's static members.

What about Python? Does it support static classes?

Python doesn't have static classes, but you can use class methods and static methods within a class using the @classmethod and @staticmethod decorators.