What are the different types of fragmentation?

What are the different types of fragmentation in data storage?

There are mainly two types of fragmentation: internal fragmentation and external fragmentation. Internal fragmentation occurs when memory blocks are allocated but not fully used, while external fragmentation happens when free memory is split into small, non-contiguous blocks.

Can you explain internal fragmentation in more detail?

Sure! Internal fragmentation occurs when a memory block is larger than the requested size, leading to wasted space within that block. For example, if a program requests 10 KB of memory but the system allocates a 12 KB block, the 2 KB that remains unused is considered internal fragmentation.

What about external fragmentation?

External fragmentation happens when free memory is scattered in small blocks throughout the system, making it difficult to allocate larger contiguous blocks of memory. This can lead to inefficient memory usage and performance issues.

How can fragmentation be reduced?

Fragmentation can be reduced through techniques like compaction, which rearranges memory to create larger contiguous blocks, or by using memory allocation strategies that minimize wasted space.