What is virtual inheritance in C++ and how does it work?

What is virtual inheritance in C++ and how does it work?

Virtual inheritance is a C++ feature that helps prevent ambiguity in the diamond problem when multiple base classes are involved.

Can you explain the diamond problem in more detail?

Sure! The diamond problem occurs when a class inherits from two classes that both inherit from a common base class, leading to ambiguity.

How does virtual inheritance solve this problem?

Virtual inheritance ensures that only one instance of the common base class is shared among the derived classes, eliminating ambiguity.

Can you provide a code example to illustrate this?

Absolutely! Here's a simple example:

class Base {
public:
    Base() { std::cout << "Base constructor"; }
};

class Derived1 : virtual public Base {};
class Derived2 : virtual public Base {};

class Final : public Derived1, public Derived2 {};

int main() {
    Final obj; // Only one Base constructor is called
}