How do I use unique_lock in C++?

Can you explain how to use unique_lock in C++?

Sure! unique_lock is a smart lock that provides more flexibility than a regular lock. It allows for deferred locking, timed locking, and even the ability to transfer ownership.

What are the advantages of using unique_lock over lock_guard?

The main advantages are that unique_lock can be locked and unlocked multiple times, can be used with condition variables, and supports ownership transfer.

Can you show me a simple example of using unique_lock?

Of course! Here's a basic example:

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>

std::mutex mtx;

void printThreadId(int id) {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
    std::cout << "Thread ID: " << id << std::endl;
}

int main() {
    std::thread t1(printThreadId, 1);
    std::thread t2(printThreadId, 2);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    return 0;
}

Are there any potential pitfalls when using unique_lock?

Yes, one potential pitfall is forgetting to unlock the lock, which can lead to deadlocks. Always ensure that the unique_lock goes out of scope or is explicitly unlocked.