What are valence electrons and how do they affect bonding?

What are valence electrons and how do they affect bonding?

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and play a crucial role in chemical bonding. They determine how an atom interacts with others.

Can you explain how they influence ionic and covalent bonds?

Sure! In ionic bonds, valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating charged ions. In covalent bonds, they are shared between atoms.

What happens to valence electrons during a chemical reaction?

During a chemical reaction, valence electrons are involved in the breaking and forming of bonds, which leads to the transformation of reactants into products.

Are there any exceptions to the octet rule regarding valence electrons?

Yes, there are exceptions! Some elements, like hydrogen and helium, are stable with fewer than eight valence electrons, while others can expand their octet.