What is encapsulation in JavaScript?

Can you explain what encapsulation is in JavaScript?

Sure! Encapsulation is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that restricts access to certain components of an object. In JavaScript, it allows you to bundle data (properties) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit, typically an object.

How does encapsulation help in programming?

Encapsulation helps in several ways: it protects the internal state of an object from unintended interference and misuse, promotes modularity, and makes the code easier to maintain and understand.

Can you give me an example of encapsulation in JavaScript?

Certainly! Here's a simple example:

class Person {
    constructor(name, age) {
        let _name = name; // private variable
        let _age = age;  // private variable

        this.getName = function() { return _name; };
        this.getAge = function() { return _age; };
        this.setName = function(newName) { _name = newName; };
    }
}

const person = new Person('Alice', 30);
console.log(person.getName()); // Alice
person.setName('Bob');
console.log(person.getName()); // Bob

In this example, _name and _age are private variables that cannot be accessed directly from outside the class.

What are the benefits of using private variables?

Using private variables helps to protect the integrity of the data, ensures that it can only be modified through defined methods, and reduces the risk of unintended side effects in your code.