What are the performance implications of using exceptions versus error codes in C++?

What are the performance implications of using exceptions versus error codes in C++?

Using exceptions can lead to more readable code, but they may incur a performance overhead due to stack unwinding. Error codes, on the other hand, can be faster but may lead to more complex code and error handling.

Can you explain stack unwinding in the context of exceptions?

Stack unwinding is the process of cleaning up the stack when an exception is thrown. It involves calling destructors for all objects that were created in the current scope, which can add overhead.

Are there scenarios where using error codes is preferred?

Yes, in performance-critical applications, such as real-time systems, error codes might be preferred due to their lower overhead compared to exceptions.

What about the readability of the code?

Exceptions can improve code readability by separating error handling from regular logic, making it easier to follow the program flow.